Improving Energy Consumption Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability Through Smart Traffic Control Adaptation

As cities continue to develop in population, transportation systems experience growing issues regarding congestion, fuel waste, and environmental impact. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and communication technologies provide promising answers by allowing cars and infrastructure to connect and make more reasonable real-time choices. This study examines many signalized junctions, including static, actuated, and adaptive crossings, and their significance in traffic control. We then address the advantages of ITS and communication technologies such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, as well as their potential to improve fuel economy and environmental sustainability, using real-world simulations by SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) and Python. The simulations illustrated that adopting actuated and adaptive traffic signals has a considerable beneficial impact on lowering fuel consumption and emissions. Furthermore, the report emphasizes the advantages of using connected and autonomous vehicle technologies to improve transportation operations. The study underlines the need to combine ITS and communication technologies, which has resulted in a more sustainable and efficient transportation system. It demonstrates that adaptive traffic lights can reduce mean travel time by 82.84%, fuel consumption and CO
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emissions by 51.2% compared to static traffic lights. Compared to static ones, V2X technology at adaptive traffic signals reduced mean travel time by 85.91%, energy consumption by 58.3% and CO
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by 56.2%.