Holographic Technique Inspired Multi-Beam Cylindrical Leaky-Wave Antenna

In this paper holographic cylindrical leaky-wave antennas with
$\mathbf{2}^{\boldsymbol{N}}$
pencil beams
$(\boldsymbol{N}=\mathbf{0},\ \mathbf{1},\ \mathbf{2})$
are presented. All leaky-wave antennas are designed based on the holographic technique on the sector of a cylinder. Depending on the number of object radiation beams, the length of the cylinders is optimized. MATLAB, CST and HFSS software are used in the design process. The directions of object beams are assumed arbitrary with the linear polarization. The designs have been made in such a way that the beams of each leaky-wave antenna have the same radiation gain at the operating frequency of 17 GHz. Scalar unit cells make up every specified antenna, including square patches printed on a grounded Rogers RO 5880 substrate with a 60 mil thickness. The reference wave is realized by using the edge-fed with the wave port excitation. The gain of the single, dual, and quad beam antennas at the design frequency is achieved 26.8, 24.6, and 22.7 dBi, respectively, for
$\boldsymbol{N}=\mathbf{0},\mathbf{1},\mathbf{2}$
.