Advances in Biogas Purification Techniques

Biogas, a renewable energy source derived from organic waste, holds significant potential for providing sustainable energy. However, the presence of impurities such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), moisture, and trace contaminants limit its usability and quality. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in biogas purification techniques aimed at enhancing its energy content and usability. The study delves into a diverse range of purification methods, spanning from traditional chemical absorption and adsorption techniques to cutting-edge pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation processes. Each method's principles, advantages, limitations, and current research trends are thoroughly examined. Additionally, the paper sheds light on emerging technologies like enzymatic and microbial treatments, that combine multiple upgradation and purification approaches for optimal results. Key technological challenges, encompassing energy efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness are discussed in the context of each purification method.