Measurement-Driven Sizing of Energy Storage Systems for Port Distribution Grids

This paper discusses the planning of a hybrid energy storage system (ESS) for an actual port distribution grid to improve system reliability and pave the way for a carbon-neutral port. Based on high-resolution three-phase current and voltage measurements, a comprehensive power and energy quality analysis of the studied port distribution grid is performed. The power demand of port cranes presents the characteristics of poor load factor, large ramp slopes and reverse power flow, which cause power quality issues and poses challenges to integration of renewable energy, planning and expansion of the distribution grid. Hybrid energy storage systems are considered a promising solution to shave power demand peaks and smooth fluctuations. A power demand decomposition method is used to properly determine the nominal power and energy of the battery ESS and flywheel ESS, handling slowly and fast varying power consumptions, respectively. Numerical studies have been performed to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.