A Taxonomy of QKA Protocols Based on the BB84

In Quantum Key Agreement (QKA) protocol, two or more participants agree to share a quantum key. Participants must meet the following conditions: (1) Can be toggled per participant. Important decisions are not made by individual participants. (2) Only participants can access the key, which is not viewable by non-participants while unauthorized acquisition of keys is impossible. Key agreement protocols are used to generate cryptographic keys in many modern applications such as IoT applications, healthcare systems, vehicle communications, intelligent networks, satellite communications, and cloud applications. To resist quantum attacks, several security protocols based on quantum physics principles have been proposed to address various security issues. The main goal of this research is to provide fundamental background information along with a detailed analysis of the theoretical aspects of QKA. The emphasis is particularly on various kinds of multiparty quantum key agreement protocols considering their design and effectiveness, with a specific spotlight on the utilization of the BB84 protocol.