A multi-objective Stochastic Power Management Strategy for Vehicle-to-Building and Building-to-Vehicle Integration into Residential Microgrids

Sustainable mobility, as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), could play a crucial role to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, BEVs and PHEVs could perform Vehicle-to-Grid or Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) services, contributing to lighten future grid infrastructure mainly based on renewable generation. In this work, a grid-connected Micro-Grid (MG) consisting of a PV system, a residential building (three apartments) a BEV and a PHEV is investigated. Two different multi-objective power management strategies based on simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm are assessed and compared aiming to minimize: i) power fluctuation at BEV and PHEV terminals (Strategy I) to extend batteries lifespan; ii) instantaneous exchanged power at the grid interface and power fluctuation at PHEV terminals (Strategy II) to maximize the MG self-consumption preserving the PHEV battery. Simulations scenarios investigates a typical weekday and holiday for both the strategies. Fluctuation at the BEV terminals is reduced of -102% and -50.4% with respect to Strategy II for the weekday and holiday, respectively. It emphasizes the most stressful conditions for BEV battery in Strategy II, leading to a faster degradation. On the other hand, Strategy II significantly reduces energy exchanges with the grid. Moreover, it provides load levelling towards the grid since fluctuation at the grid interface is reduced of -53.7% during holiday with respect to Strategy I. Therefore, these outcomes can be useful to assess the benefits of V2B and B2V integration to enhance grid stability, avoiding high stress conditions for electric vehicles batteries.