A Nested Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimized Topology and Routing Scheme for WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are majorly applied in recent times. Sensors are deployed in several areas to collect different kinds of data. Sensor nodes are low power and run out of energy quickly. When a sensor node runs out of energy, depending on the deployed environment, it can be quite difficult to replace it. Therefore, we need to prolong the lifetime of the WSN as long as possible. Genetic algorithm (GA) is a meta-heuristic algorithm that has been applied in many optimization problems. This paper presents a nested GA approach that provides the sink node location, selects cluster heads and computes the inter-cluster heads routing simultaneously significantly improving the network lifetime. We compare our algorithm with four other recent works conducted in the research space, and our method achieves average 15% better performance than the best in normal conditions and 30% better performance in more lossy environments.