Towards Sustainable Networks: Attacking Energy Consumption in Wireless Infrastructure with Novel Technologies

The ever-increasing demand for global mobile data traffic over time has had an avalanche effect on the deployment of cellular infrastructure as driven by both the rising number of smartphones and subscriptions and an increasing average data volume per subscription. The total mobile data traffic logged 90 exabytes monthly in 2022 and is forecasted to reach 324 exabytes per month in 2028, which equates to a percentage increase of 260%
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. The data traffic per smartphone is projected to increase more than threefold by 2028, implying that the network infrastructure must evolve proportionally to support it, while at the same time reducing the network operating costs.