A Reconfigurable Quantum State Tomography Solver in FPGA

In this work, we present an efficient, reconfigurable solution to the memory- and compute-expensive problem of quantum state tomography implemented in an FPGA architecture. Based on the unique characteristics of the closed-form least squares solution for tomographically complete quantum measurement sets, we are able to encode the necessary infor-mation for any multi-qubit system into an algorithm-hardware co-design scheme and solve for the quantum state yielding the measurement results without any traditional multiplication or division blocks in FPGA. We demonstrate this method on a basic Pynq-Z2 FPGA with various approaches resulting in exponential speedup over both direct closed-form implementation and opti-mizer methods with negligible accuracy loss. This architecture is easily reconfigurable to any number of qubits and enables rapid reconstruction of quantum states from measurement data in order to improve real-time compute applications such as quantum hardware calibration, with further applications to quantum process tomography and rapidly analyzing complex many-qubit system dynamics.