Techno-Environmental-Economic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Deployment in Residential Areas

The large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) triggers the need to deploy more and more EV charging stations. This paper performs the techno-environmental-economic analysis of the EV charging station deployment in a residential area in Singapore. We first forecast the EV penetration rate and then analyze the charging patterns and drivers' behavior to determine the optimal deployment strategy. The proposed deployment strategy suggests suitable types, optimal quantities, and estimated costs of EV chargers. A sensitivity analysis of the EV penetration rate is further conducted, comprehensively considering technological, environmental, and economic factors. This study is expected to provide the implications of the techno-economic-environmental benefits and challenges of large-scale EV integration in residential areas. This could further facilitate policymakers in advocating the developmental goals of EVs sand motivate citizens to adopt EVs.