Green IoT for Sustainable Smart Vertical Farming: A Comprehensive Analysis

Environmental sustainability is promoted with the building of IoT-enabled smart technologies. This sustainability is promoted by optimized power consumption and minimizing waste and carbon emissions by reusing and recycling products. Despite being advantageous in many aspects, IoTs produce and transmit humungous data, thereby increasing cumulative energy consumption while propagating through any network. These in turn create issues in environmental sustainability, issues with the responsible use of resources, and reduce waste production, which brings about the need to address the future challenge of IoTs by developing processes and policies to reduce carbon emission and further optimize IoT greenhouse effect. Greening of IoTs is the solution to these issues which focuses on manufacturing energy-efficient IoT hardware as well as green software development. IoT plays a vital role in the automatization of vertical farming methods. The smart and intelligent capability of IoTs facilitates better and faster yield of agricultural produce. The extensive use of IoTs in this sector also plays a major role in increasing greenhouse emissions and carbon footprint. Thus, the IoTs when replaced with Green IoTs (G–IoTs), especially in the agricultural sector, help in enhancing a two-way sustainability: environmental, in terms cleaner environment, as well as agricultural, in terms of better and faster agricultural produce.