The Performance Analysis of Various Parameters of Underwater WSN via ZRP Routing Protocol

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have become increasingly popular in recent years to solve complex and critical problems in many fields such as oceanography, aquaculture, surveillance, etc. In order to provide efficient communication and routing in UWSNs, many new routing protocols have been proposed in recent years. One of the recently proposed routing protocols is the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), which is a hybrid of proactive and reactive routing techniques. ZRP divides the ocean into a number of different zones and each node stores the routing information within those zones enabling efficient routing between the sensor nodes. ZRP provides efficient routing in UWSNs by preventing the flooding of routing messages throughout the network and by avoiding non-optimal paths. In addition, the use of the Zone Routing Table (ZRT) allows for rapid convergence of network topologies as well as easy modification of the routing path. This paper presents an overview of how ZRP works, the advantages it has over other routing protocols, and the performance it can provide in UWSNs. Finally, some future research directions for using ZRP in UWSNs are explored.