A Model of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Evaporative Duct above on Rough Sea Surface

In this paper, a new model of electromagnetic wave propagation in the evaporation duct above on rough sea surface is proposed. Over the published results, the rough sea surface is usually regarded as a surface without undulations. Here, the rough sea surface with PM spectrum is simulated. And in this paper, the ray tracing method is applied to calculate the ray trajectory in evaporation duct. The pathloss of each ray was calculated based on the pathloss formula. By comparing with the results obtained from the model without undulations, the new model considering the rough sea surface can better simulate the real situation in the evaporation duct above the rough sea surface.