An Adaptive Analog Temperature Compensated W-Band Front-End With ±0.0033 dB/°C Gain Variation Across −30 °C to 120 °C

This brief presents an adaptive analog temperature compensation (AATC) method that generates the optimal bias voltage to maintain constant gain of the millimeter-wave amplifier over an ultra-wide temperature range. The AATC method utilizes an exponential curve for high-order fitting the optimal bias voltage, which is generated by the piecewise exponential current of two differential MOS pairs operating in the subthreshold region, only requiring low power consumption and small chip area. To verify the effectiveness of the AATC method, a W-band front-end is fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology. Benefiting from the AATC method, the measurement results show that the gain variation of the W-band front-end in both receive and transmit modes is less than ±0.5 dB over an ultra-wide temperature range from −30 °C to 120 °C and the corresponding gain temperature coefficient is ±0.0033 dB/°C, significantly better than the −7 dB gain variation without temperature compensation. The optimal bias voltage generation circuit based on AATC method consumes only
$2~{\mu }\text{A}$
of current under 1-V supply voltage, and occupies only 0.1 mm2.