Optimum Sizing and Energy Management Strategy for Grid-Connected Rooftop PV and Battery Storage System with Demand Response

Installation of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) cell along with battery storage system (BSS) has recently emerged as having enormous potential to meet the constant growth in the energy consumption in residential buildings. However, the optimal sizing and energy management of PV/BSS is a major challenge. In this regard, with an aim to increase the overall financial profit of the house owner, this study solves the optimal sizing problem of PV/BSS for a residential building considering the time varying characteristics of PV generation, energy prices and loads. A smart home energy management strategy (HEMS) is proposed to improve the energy conversion by properly managing loads and maximizing the use of PV power. Two types of loads namely controllable and uncontrollable loads are taken into account and a price based demand response (DR) program is applied to shift the controllable loads to a period when the grid energy price is low and PV generation is more. Moreover, an accurate and simple technique namely crow search algorithm (CSA) is applied to solve the formulated problem and different scenarios are considered to establish the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Simulation results indicates that with the installation of PV/BSS system, there is reduction of daily operational cost from 121.22$ to 59.25$. Moreover, utilization of DR scheme further reduces the cost to 55.82$.