Blockchain-based Multi-Factor Group Authentication in Metaverse

Under the metaverse scenario, users communicate with metaverse platform server through public wireless channels, and the transmitted sensitive information is vulnerable to security threats from potential malicious adversary. In addition, when there is a large number of users perform group authentication simultaneously, it is easy to cause network congestion and overload of the main server. The article presents a blockchain-based multi-factor group authentication scheme suitable for metaverse scenario. In particular, in order to avoid the defects of single-factor authentication, our scheme uses multi-factor authentication data including biological information to participate in the generation of anchor key. In our scheme, the user’s multi-factor authentication data is uniquely bound to the smart device and formed into a key-value pair and stored in the blockchain. And the tamper-resistance of the blockchain is used to trace malicious adversary. In addition, we design the group authentication mechanism to optimize the signaling process to avoid network congestion. Finally, security analysis demonstrates that our scheme can provide extra security functions such as malicious adversary traceability. Meanwhile, the performance analysis demonstrates that our scheme can improve the efficiency of authentication.