Miniaturized Terahertz Photonic Chips

Terahertz science and technology is possibly now at an inflection point where integrated photonic circuits become increasingly viable sources and detectors of such high-frequency radiation. Generation in both second order [1] and third order [2]–[4] nonlinear waveguides and architectures thereof has exploited either optical rectification or microcomb generation with subsequent optical-to-terahertz conversion at a uni-travelling carrier photodiode. These initial demonstrations showcase a possible route towards miniaturized terahertz chips that are seamlessly integrated with photonics.