Inclusive Development of Raman-Based Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Device: Lessons from an Ethnically-Diverse Clinical Trial

New Zealand (NZ) has a diverse mix of ethnicities including 16% indigenous Maori, 8% Pacific peoples and 70% Europeans [1]. Maori have lower prostate cancer incidence but significantly higher mortality than non-Maori men [2]. These statistics are comparable for the indigenous people of other countries such as African-American men in the US [3] and Aboriginal men in Australia [4]. Possible explanations for the higher mortality rate for indigenous people are the disease stage at diagnosis, lower health care utilization, worse access to advanced treatment facilities and a higher number of comorbidities [5].