Dispatchable, Non-dispatchable, Reserve and Arbitrage Power within PV-Storage Integrated Grid

The integration of various renewable distributed energy resources (RDERs) and energy storage devices (ESDs) into the power grid can lead to diverse power profiles, arising from the inherent variability in RDERs and the resource limitations of ESDs. Power profiles are categorized into Dispatchable, Non-dispatchable, Reserve, and Arbitrage Power, each playing a distinct role in grid operation. ESDs have resource and operational constraints, for instance, charge-discharge modes, minimum and maximum state of charge, arbitrage rate, maximum ramp rates, and storage capacity. Incorporating RDER resource constraints and employing ESD constraints, this study establishes multiple boundaries of these power profiles by considering various operational factors. The paper defines and employs both individual and aggregated dispatchability and primary/spinning reserve factors during the ESD discharge mode to derive the percentage of individual and aggregated dispatchable power and primary spinning reserve power. Analogously, individual and aggregated storage arbitrage factors and Non-dispatchability factors are utilized to ascertain individual and aggregated arbitrage power and Non-dispatchable power during the ESD charging mode. An extrapolated energy market rates for these power profiles are computed using existing market prices for RDERs and ESDs. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization problem is formulated to select a particular set of RDER and ESD with these power profiles while minimizing the operational cost for a cluster of such resources. The final set points of these operational factors illustrate the percent penetration of these power profiles.