Performance Improvement of Single Slope Solar Still with Exterior Cooling and PCM Using Direct Current Water Heaters and Photovoltaic Panels

It is a new multi-stage solar freshwater system that uses a photovoltaic (PV) heater. A layer of paraffin wax weighing 15 kg as a phase change material (Paraffin wax) was found at the bottom of the solar still's down basin. Research into the system has been conducted to assess its effectiveness at improving freshwater. Solar rays and a direct current (DC) water heater were used to preheat the saltwater. Surfaces that collect condensation vapor were planned for, such as the single glass lid on top and the bottom of two stacked trays. The purpose of doing so is to make freshwater production more efficient by lowering the resistance of condensation. The extreme heat of the glass cover was reduced by using velocity of cooling water shower. The flow velocity of the shower's cooling water, the impact of the heater, and the depth of lower basin water are all factors included in the research. Solar radiation, paraffin wax, heater input heat found to be proportionate in the innovative solar desalination. An astounding 18 liters per day of distilled water may be generated by the Multiple Stage Effect Photovoltaic Heater (MSEPVH). Both mathematical modelling and experimental were used to calculate the maximum possible cooling water flow rate, the total amount of freshwater, and the effectiveness of MSEPVH on the best possible day.