A Sequence of Circular Slotted Nonagon Shape Extended Ultrawideband Antenna for Smart Electronic Systems using Characteristic Mode Analysis

The data traffic is increasing in proportion with time due to the advancement in electronic systems and wireless communication. Data congestion can be resolved by increasing the bandwidth. This work introduces a nonagon shape monopole antenna with a defective ground structure. The extended ultrawide bandwidth is realized by etching the radiator through the 6.23 mm radius circle at the center and a series of circles of 1mm radius across the edges of the radiator. Furthermore, the ground plane is lower and horizontal slits are engraved on the ground plane. Modifying the radiator and ground plane helps achieve wider impedance bandwidth. The projected UWB antenna has an overall geometry of $30 \times 24 \times 0.8$ mm$^{3}$ and was developed on Rogers RT5880 substrate. The projected UWB antenna operates in the frequency range of 317.2 GHz with greater than 3.2 dB gain across the impedance bandwidth. The physical insights of the antenna are studied through the characteristics mode analysis. The time-domain features are also examined, and group delay is found to be less than 1 ns across the operational frequency. The simulated and measured results are in line and assure the designed antenna appropriate for electronic system applications.