Hardware Time-stamping in Network Time Protocol and NTP to 1PPS Generation

Network time protocol (NTP) works in client-server mode to synchronize clocks of computer systems in "packet switched networks". NTP is popular across internet, wherein multitude of computers acting as "NTP clients" get time from corresponding "NTP servers", without need to get connected with "GNSS time receivers". By default, NTP is configured to operate in software(s/w) time stamping, which means time stamping of NTP packet happens in "kernel or networking stack". With s/w time stamping mode, NTP can provide an accuracy up to microsecond order. Whereas another timing protocol namely, PTP (precision time protocol) uses hardware time stamping to achieve nanosecond accuracy. In this paper, a novel approach of providing "hardware time stamping" to NTP is introduced to achieve nano-second accuracy. Also, "NTP master-slave test bed" to verify the accuracy achieved is also mentioned.