Experimental Study of Single-Feed Dual-Beam Switchable Array Antenna Using PIN Diodes for 5.8-GHz Application

This manuscript proposes a single-feed dual-beam switchable array antenna using PIN diodes. The proposed an-tenna contains three microstrip patch antenna elements and a switchable feed network loaded with two PIN diodes. The feed network creates a 90° phase difference between the center element and the right or left antenna elements. The antenna can tilt its main beam direction to
$\theta=\pm 12^{\circ}$
by exciting either right or left antenna elements along with the center patch through two PIN diodes, respectively. The concept is experimentally verified with better than 8 dBi gain for every condition at
$\phi=0^{\circ}$
-plane.