An Overview of Video Tampering Detection Techniques: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions

In the realm of video processing and forensics, finding video tampering is a critical challenge. The purposeful change or manipulation of video material to conceal or falsely depict the original information is referred to as “video tampering.” A significant demand for efficient video tampering detection methods has emerged in recent years as a result of the rise in false news, cyberbullying, and other types of criminal behavior. Modern approaches for detecting video manipulation may be generally divided into two categories: passive methods and aggressive methods. Whereas active methods entail putting digital watermarks or other identifiers on the video clip to aid tampering detection, passive methods rely on evaluating the video content for inconsistencies or artifacts generated during tampering. Techniques like sensor noise analysis, splicing detection, and forgery detection based on compression artifacts are examples of passive approaches. To find any discrepancies produced by manipulation, sensor noise analysis examines the noise patterns in the video. Splicing detection entails identifying the borders between several video segments and inspecting the content of each segment for irregularities. Analyzing the compressed video stream for irregularities caused during tampering is required for detecting forgeries based on compression artifacts. Techniques like digital watermarking, digital signatures, and fingerprinting are examples of active procedures. To detect any manipulation efforts, digital watermarking entails putting a digital watermark into the video clip. To confirm the legitimacy of the video clip, a digital signature is applied to it. To do fingerprinting, special characteristics from the video footage are extracted and saved in a database. In addition to the aforementioned methods, machine learning-based systems have also demonstrated promising outcomes in the identification of video manipulation. Using these methods, any tampering attempts in fresh movies are detected by training a machine learning model on a dataset of tampered and untampered recordings. Many issues still need to be resolved despite the improvements in video manipulation detection methods. They include the detection of tampering in live video broadcasts as well as the identification of deep fake movies, which are incredibly lifelike and challenging to spot. The creation of increasingly complex machine learning models, the fusion of several detection methods, and the investigation of novel methods for detecting tampering in live video feeds are some of the future goals for study in this area.