Estimation of Wetland Area Change Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Images

Numerous functions, such as food supply, water supply, a means of subsistence in fishing, and recreational opportunities are provided by wetlands. Wetlands are in danger of expanding and degrading as a result of anthropogenic influences and the impact of climate change. Shoreline erosion, water pollution, and drought damage all worsen when wetlands are destroyed. Therefore, it is crucial to do a wetlands inventory in a location so that we can track or keep an eye on any changes that may have occurred over time. The monitoring of crop moisture and water bodies area like lakes and ponds are the two aims. Images used as input are gathered from the Sentinel Hub Earth Observation Browser. The input images chosen for monitoring wetland crop moisture are based on NDMI(Normalized Difference Moisture Index), whereas the input images chosen for monitoring water bodies are based on NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index). To monitor the water bodies area, pre-processing using Gaussian blur was done followed by clustering which was done using the Fuzzy-C-Means algorithm followed by edge detection using a Canny edge detector and identifying the changes in the area of the water bodies over the previous five years using Open CV approaches. To monitor crops moisture, Clustering was carried out using the K-means clustering algorithm, the resultant image and masked image were performed bitwise AND followed by a comparison of changes in moisture percentage over the previous five years using Open CV techniques.