Electrodynamic Model of Conical Horn Antenna Radiation Fields for Purposes of Electromagnetic Safety

Conical horn antennas are one of the most common aperture antennas and are widely used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in areas such as microwave communications and electromagnetic compatibility testing. The radiation of electromagnetic fields by conical horns has been studied by many authors, and a number of methods have been proposed to determine the horn antennas' radiation pattern. However, analysis of the results of these works showed that additional research is required to calculate the directional coefficient in the Fresnel zone, taking into account the phasing of the horn aperture. This research proposes a technique for calculating the field elements created by a conical horn. In addition, a refinement of the mathematical model for determining the radiation near the aperture of a conical horn antenna is shown. In the study, the results of the construction of the radiation pattern in Mathcad depending on the phasing were obtained. The resulting model allows for more accurate measurements of the radiation of a conical horn antenna, which helps protect people and radio equipment from unnecessary radiation exposure.