A Review on Defense Mechanism against the Denial of Service and False Data Injection in Cyber-Physical Power Systems

Cyber-physical power system (CPPS), with its bi-directional power and information flows, is considered as the next generation of widely distributed and automated electrical power network. However, CPPS is vulnerable to malicious cyberattacks that can cause significant operational risk and financial loss to stakeholders, such as electricity system operators. The complexity of vulnerabilities, which arises from the heterogeneity and interdependency of physical and cyber domains, will present substantial challenges for the detection and prevention of cyberattacks. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the defense mechanisms in CPPS against coordinated and widespread cyberattacks. The most prevalent cyberattacks in the CPPS are denial-of-service (DoS) and false data injection (FDI) attacks. This paper examines the state-of-the-art prevention, detection, and mitigation technologies for these major mainstreams and coordinated cyberattacks. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of popular cyberattack prevention sciences such as Game Theory, Optimization, Control Theory, and Data-driven method are discussed. It reveals that cyberattack detection techniques have evolved from traditional state estimation to artificial intelligence-based methods. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future research on cybersecurity in CPPS are identified.