Simulation of PD Localization Through Digital Twin Model and Time-Reversal Algorithm Under the Semi-Enclosed Condition

This article proposes to use a time reversal (TR) algorithm for locating the partial discharge (PD) source through ultrahigh frequency (UHF) EM waves. The TR algorithm is operated with the high-fidelity digital twin model of the physical equipment, which is conducive to replicating the process of EM transmission in the virtual space, and the geometric influence of the power equipment is factored into the theoretical calculation at the time of PD location. However, the common TR algorithm is operated under closed conditions without any power loss of signals, which limits its application to common equipment. In this article, the TR algorithm is adapted to achieve PD localization under semi-enclosed conditions, which meets the localization requirements of more electric equipment. Besides, a 3-D gas insulation switchgear (GIS) model is constructed to verify the proposed method, and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to calculate the process of EM wave transmission. The TR simulation is performed using three detected sensors inside the GIS. Ultimately, the results of numerical simulation are obtained to demonstrate that the proposed model is efficient and adaptive for PD localization, especially under semi-enclosed conditions. This provides an idea of inversion analysis from outside UHF signals to the inside insulation defect position through a digital twin model.