Analyzing the Effect of Grit, Collaborative Learning, and Crisis Magnitude on Online Learning Satisfaction

Online learning has become an available option for ensure the continuity of education during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to analyze the impact of personal perception on COVID-19 as a crisis and learning resources –either in personal and social context toward student satisfaction of online learning in higher education. Contextually, this paper is interested to examine the impact of crisis magnitude, personal perseverance or grit, and collaborative learning toward e-satisfaction of online learning in higher education. This paper is grounded on a survey-based study which involved 1,004 students from various universities in Indonesia. The collected data was structured in partial least square structural equation modelling and analyzed by using the SmartPLS version 3.9. Although, grit as personal resources does not impact significantly on e-satisfaction. E-satisfaction is affected positively, directly, and significantly by crisis magnitude and collaborative learning. This paper confirms that student perception on COVID-19 as a crisis that has forced them more accepting of online learning as the best available option for educational learning. For leveraging online learning satisfaction, lecturers are recommended to utilize a collaborative learning approach in higher education during pandemic.