E-Parking project design: grid and photovoltaic integration for electric vehicles charging systems

Recent policies aimed at cutting down on fossil fuels in favor of the use of renewable energy are continually leading more and more users to choose green solutions in any field where a source of energy is required. In particular, the electric mobility market is developing and growing rapidly, thanks also to the considerable economic and ecological incentives that in the last two to three years have meant that the cost of an electric car is now comparable to the old petrol or diesel cars. However, there is no shortage of criticalities associated with this phenomenon, first and foremost that of charging systems and so-called E-Parkings, which can hardly keep up with the increase in demand for vehicles. The aim of this paper is to analyze in detail the types of charging station and of car parking for electric vehicles in order to choose the most suitable charging form and the possible photovoltaic integration for charging systems. Subsequently, a case study will be presented in which an E-Parking will be realized on a university campus with constant integration of photovoltaic energy, in order to have the possibility of realizing several charging stations at the same time and significantly reducing costs. The project will take into account both current conditions but also future estimates, so as to accompany the growth in demand for electric vehicles without having to reshape the planning after a few years.