Robust Flexible Ramping Product Provision By Electric Vehicles Aggregators In Multi-Settlement Electricity Markets

This paper addresses the provision of flexible ramping products by electric vehicle (EV) aggregators under renewable energy production and EV availability uncertainty. The problem is formulated using an adaptive robust optimization model to minimize system operational costs considering the unit commitment decisions, day-ahead, and real-time markets. The solution to this problem provides protection against EV availability, modeled using uncertainty sets while characterizing renewable energy production via scenarios. This problem is solved by Benders decomposition technique using primal cuts. The efficacy of the methodology identifying the robust scheduling of generators and EV aggregators is demonstrated through a realistic case study.