Consensus MPC-Based hierarchical control of Islanded AC Microgrid

In this paper, the consensus model predictive control (MPC)-based hierarchical control scheme is presented for the primary and secondary layers of an islanded AC microgrid (MG). The secondary control is designed on the tracker consensus method, in this way a distributed controller in collaboration with the finite time observer will set the referenced values of voltage magnitude and frequency by significantly speeding up the method of synchronous convergence. Furthermore, the primary control has been implemented for each DG separately and comprises Finite Control Set-Model Predictive control (FCS-MPC), and droops control. FCS-MPC regulates PCC reference voltages for each DG unit. Droop Control regulates power exchange within and among DG units. In the proposed hierarchical control approach, information sharing is accomplished by a neighbouring node creating a sparse communication network while fully eliminating the requirement for a centralized controller. The controller effectiveness have been validated against unbalanced load, transients, and load plug-and-play capabilities. The simulation result shows that MG operates effectively using FCS-MPC for parallel inverters of DG units, and the consensus algorithm based distributed secondary controller in MG effectively delivers the anticipated power, voltage, and frequency.