Narrowband UAV Air-to-Ground Channel Measurement and Modeling in Campus Environment

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) air-to-ground(A2G) wireless communication is a fundamental technology for integration of UAV in the intelligent transportation system(ITS), where accurate analysis and modeling of UAV to vehicle wireless channel are of great importance for communication algorithm development. In this paper, the multi-link channel measurements are carried out in low altitude with UAV vertical flying over a semi-urban environment. Based on the measurement data at 2.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz, the large scale and small scale channel parameters are investigated in the non line-of-sight(NLoS) and obstructed line-of-sight(OLoS) conditions, respectively. The value of the path loss as a function of the elevation angle and distance is proposed. Then, the shadow fading(SF) and fast fading are statistically analyzed for comprehensively describing the channel fading behaviors. Our results will be useful for the modeling of low altitude A2G propagation channels, and the performance analysis of UAV-enabling A2G communication systems for future intelligent transportation.