Reducing Hydrogen Consumption in the Automotive Systems Using Fuel cells and Whale Optimization

As it can provide electricity for loads in dangerous areas without a power infrastructure, a back-up power delivery system is essential for military application and disaster relief. The advantages of the proton-exchange membrane electric cell over conventional energy sources including superior thermal efficiency, noise cancelling, key effect, and density, and zero greenhouse gas emissions gradually replace them as the significant supplier of power for the secondary energy provision system. A “dual electric cell and metallic element battery” backup power infrastructure is developed in this work, and fuzzy control-based energy management strategies are also investigated.