A Study on Effect of Doping on Piezoelectric Materials

In the last few years, piezo ceramics and single crystals have been widely explored due to their significant electromechanical properties. A huge number of lead based and lead free piezo systems with doping effects were investigated during this period as supported from the various publications. The piezoelectric materials with perovskite structure exhibit the highest electromechanical coupling factor and piezoelectric coefficient due to existence of monotropic phase boundary (MPB) and tailor properties between soft and hard piezoelectric response. The piezoelectric material can be soft or hard depending upon the doping material, i.e., isovalent, acceptor and donor dopant. In general, electromechanical properties can be improved in lead-based piezoelectric materials by adding doping materials, where the dopant substitute either on A or B position of the ABO
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perovskite structure. At this moment it is necessary to publish a review article to give the researcher a proper direction of future research for the further development of the piezosystem and selection of doping materials.