Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles in Charging Stations

The uncoordinated charging of electric vehicles has several negative effects on the charging station and the electric network. These effects include both technical and economic aspects. So, in this paper, coordinated charging/discharging scheduling of electric vehicles in charging stations is proposed to maximize the revenue of charging stations. The problem is formulated as a linear optimization problem and is solved using the Particle swarm optimization technique (PSO). Three case studies are undertaken including uncoordinated charging, coordinated charging and coordinated charging/discharging. The results display that smart charging/discharging scheduling for the system under study increases the revenue of the charging station in comparison to the uncoordinated charging.