Congestion Control Mechanisms and Techniques in Computer Network: A Review

One of the most important and most pioneering topics in the field of networks is congestion and how to control it or avoid its occurrence because this topic has a huge impact on the network and the quality of service (QoS). Congestion reduces the efficiency of the network and stops the service in many cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop techniques and mechanisms to avoid congestion or reduce its impact to the extent possible to maintain the permanence of data flow in the network. Congestion is avoided at two levels, node and link, by using different techniques, including closed loop or open loop. This paper reviews an explanation of congestion, how it occurs, and its impact on the network, and then shows the mechanisms through which congestion eliminated can be bed or avoided before it occurs. It also reviews a set of algorithms previously used by researchers in various types of networks and compares the performance between them.