A Novel Mandelbrot Fractal Microstrip Antenna with Fourth Set Degree and Different Iteration Numbers

This paper proposes a novel fractal microstrip antenna based on the Mandelbrot-set geometries with an iteration number of 3, 5 and 20. The Mandelbrot fractal geometry is designed from a circular geometry and can intrinsically enable a size reduction for patch elements. In the design, the key step of converting a bitmap shape into an emulate-able antenna design is introduced and the influence of Mandelbrot fractal patch geometry with different iterations on the performance of antennas is simulated and analyzed. Simulations show that the proposed Mandelbrot fractal antennas have a good performance in gains, radiation patterns, and reduction of dimensions, and could be very useful for millimeter-wave communications.