Several Categories of Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols, Features, and Security Necessities in WSN: A Review

WSN is a novel technology used to monitor the real environment. The sensor nodes are proficient in sensing a variety of ecological situations and have some processing proficiencies and the capability to relay the data they collect wirelessly. WSN routing algorithms are responsible for choosing and maintaining data routes to provide regular and effective communication. Due to the energy limitations of WSNs, energy conservation has been the primary goal of several routing methods. The SNs have an extremely restricted power source that is non-rechargeable and rechargeable, posing a substantial EC problem. Energy management is a critical concern for extending the network's lifespan. Because SNs also function as routers, determining the best routing method is critical for reducing energy consumption. This article surveyed a detailed overview of characteristics, necessities, classification of routing protocols, and existing assessment of different EE (energy-efficient) routing methods in WSNs. The analysis of the different existing routing protocols with different parameters such as network lifetime, residual energy, and total energy consumption.