Multiobjective optimal sizing and energy planning in green cellular base stations

The current and forthcoming deployment of new cellular base stations provide an opportunity to design networks that are partially or totally fed by green energy. This paper presents the problem of efficient optimal sizing and planning of green cellular networks formulated as a multiobjective optimization with conflicting cellular operators and user interests. The objectives are to simultaneously minimize CAPEX and OPEX costs while ensuring maximum cellular network independence from the power grid network under time-of-use tariffs, operational and technical constraints. An optimal solution may be selected from the Pareto front to provide guidance for further investments in a green cellular network depending on the expected traffic demand and an expected level of quality of service by maximizing autonomy from the electric main grid and thus minimizing cellular power outages of base stations.