Control and Energy Management of Wind/PV/Battery Smart Microgrid

In this paper, a complete model of a grid-connected Wind/PV/Battery microgrid is presented. The proposed system is composed of a 5.45 kW photovoltaic generator (PVG); a 6-kW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind turbine (WT) and 14.4 kWh lead acid-based battery storage. The hybrid system is connected to the grid through a 20 kVA three-phase voltage source inverter, an LCL filter, and a local load. The LCL filter is designed to attenuate ripple current to 20% and total harmonic distortion (THD) below 5%. An optimized damping resistance is added to the capacitor filter to attenuate the resonance phenomenon. The extracted power from renewable sources (Wind & PV) is optimized using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. Perturb and observe (PO) algorithm is used for the PVG while the optimal tip speed ratio combined with vector control is used for the WT subsystem. A rule-based energy management system (EMS) is designed to economically dispatch the energy between individual systems of the proposed microgrid to handle any energy mismatch inside the microgrid. The hierarchical control strategy and the EMS of the whole system were evaluated through several simulation cases using MATLAB-Simulink software. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control and management structures for further practical implementation of the proposed microgrid.