Topology Optimization of Active Metamaterial Unit Based on Genetic Algorithm

The digital coding metamaterial is composed of elements loaded with active devices, which can realize flexible regulation of electromagnetic waves in real-time. The design of metamaterial units usually relies on experience. Besides, the optimization of active elements is mostly aimed at dimension parameters of the metal patch, without changing the topological structure. To expand the optimization space and realize the process of automatic design and optimization, a metamaterial units topology optimization model based on the GA algorithm is proposed. The combination of GA algorithm and pixel coding breaks the limitation of traditional optimization process for active units, which simplifies the unit structure by binary coding, and changes the topological structure of the surface pattern by selecting, crossing, and mutating, thus realizing the automatic design.