Estimation of Technical Losses in Distribution Networks with Tie Switches Considering Repairing Periods

This paper investigates the effect of fault repairing periods on the estimation process of technical energy losses (TELs) in distribution networks with tie-switches. Comparisons between TELs calculations considering normal operation periods (NOP) only and those considering both NOP and repairing faults periods (RFP) are presented. Different repairing times (RTs) are assumed to highlight the impact of maintenance and /or repairing time on the estimation process with a wide range of fault cases. The IEEE 33-bus system with tie-switches is chosen as the test system in this paper. Load flow analysis (LF) of the case studies is implemented by ETAP program. Results are given for distribution networks with tie-switches including radial and ring schemes regarding the effect of different repairing and or maintenance time. The results assure the importance of utilizing tie switches to reduce the effect of faults repairing time on the estimation process of TELs.