AC-Heating and Fast-Charging Power Requirements of EV Battery Packs in Subzero Temperature

An emerging problem in power engineering pertains to ascertaining the impacts of fast-charging processes of all-electric vehicles (EVs) on electric grids. This problem exacerbates in subzero climates because it is necessary to preheat battery cells within EVs before fast charging to mitigate lithium plating. To study such processes, we set forth detailed and reduced-order simulation models as to determine grid power requirements for ac heating and fast-charging of EVs. The detailed representation considers ac and dc control loops, a four-quadrant power converter, and an estimator of the state of charge (SoC) of the EV battery pack. The reduced-order model has close agreement with detailed real-time (RT) simulation and laboratory experimentation.