Modular Battery Energy Storage Systems for Available Energy Increase

The aim of this work is to dive into the available energy of different configurations of battery packs, a vital factor when it comes to improving the driving range of electric vehicles. To that end, two different storage system topologies are considered: non-modular and modular batteries. Each of them with passive or active balancing strategies. To achieve realistic results, a reduced-order electrochemical model is used. Cell-to-cell capacity variations are introduced to represent non-uniformities inside the battery packs. Although many different capacity distributions might be considered, the scope of this paper has been limited to classical normal distribution. The results of this analysis show that the available energy can be increased using modular battery solutions.