Loading [MathJax]/extensions/MathMenu.js

Qian-zhi Ma - IEEE Xplore Author Profile

Scheduled Maintenance on Monday 1/13/2025

Single article sales and account management will be unavailable from 5:00 AM - 7:00 PM ET (09:00 - 23:00 UTC). We apologize for the inconvenience.

IEEE.org
IEEE Xplore
IEEE SA
IEEE Spectrum
More Sites

- Donate
- Personal Sign In

Institutional Sign In

Institutional Sign In

ADVANCED SEARCH

Author details

Qian-zhi Ma

Also published under: Qianzhi Ma

Publications

2

Citations

16

Publications by Year

20092010

Co-Authors:

Xiu-juan LeiQun Zhang

Qian-zhi Ma

Also published under: Qianzhi Ma

Affiliation

College of Computer Science

Shaanxi Normal University

Xi'an, China, 710062

Publication Topics

Evolution Equations,
Fitness Function,
Local Optimum,
Particle Swarm Optimization,
Path Planning,
Robot Path,
Vertical Line,
Anaphase,
Boundary Constraints,
Constraint Handling,
Global Plan,
Global Search

Biography

Ma Qian-zhi: She was born in March 1985. Her main research fields involve intelligent optimization and path planning. She is a graduate student in Shaanxi Normal University.(Based on document published on 23 September 2010).

Publications

2

Citations

16

Publications by Year

20092010

Co-Authors:

Xiu-juan Lei
Qun Zhang

Author's Published Works

Search History

Showing 1-25 of 48 results

Conferences (40)

Journals (8)

Sort

Filter Results

Show

Open Access Only

Range
Single Year
David Harle(25)
Ivan Andonovic(15)
D. Harle(14)
D.A. Harle(8)
Christos Tachtatzis(5)
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK(8)
Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK(8)
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK(5)
Corning Research Center, Ipswich, UK(3)
Institute for System Level Integration, Livingston, UK(3)
Journal of Lightwave Technology(3)
2006 International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks(2)
2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications(2)
Proceedings of ICCS '94(2)
1st International Symposium onWireless Communication Systems, 2004.(1)
IEEE(48)
Singapore(4)
London, UK(3)
Damascus, Syria(2)
Dubai, United Arab Emirates(2)
Glasgow, UK(2)
Data Packets(11)
Source Node(10)
Routing Scheme(9)
Ad Hoc Networks(8)
Bitrate(8)

Select All on Page

Sort By

Results

Varietal Classification of Rice Seeds Using RGB and Hyperspectral Images

Samson Damilola Fabiyi;Hai Vu;Christos Tachtatzis;Paul Murray;David Harle;Trung Kien Dao;Ivan Andonovic;Jinchang Ren;Stephen Marshall

Year: 2020 | Volume: 8 | Journal Article |

Cited by: Papers (75)

HTML

Inspection of rice seeds is a crucial task for plant nurseries and farmers since it ensures seed quality when growing seedlings. Conventionally, this process is performed by expert inspectors who manually screen large samples of rice seeds to identify their species and assess the cleanness of the batch. In the quest to automate the screening process through machine vision, a variety of approaches ...Show More

Varietal Classification of Rice Seeds Using RGB and Hyperspectral Images

Samson Damilola Fabiyi;Hai Vu;Christos Tachtatzis;Paul Murray;David Harle;Trung Kien Dao;Ivan Andonovic;Jinchang Ren;Stephen Marshall

Year: 2020 | Volume: 8 | Journal Article |

Comparative Study of PCA and LDA for Rice Seeds Quality Inspection

Samson Damilola Fabiyi;Hai Vu;Christos Tachtatzis;Paul Murray;David Harle;Trung-Kien Dao;Ivan Andonovic;Jinchang Ren;Stephen Marshall

2019 IEEE AFRICON

Year: 2019 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (8)

HTML

Contamination of rice seeds affects the crop quality, yield and price. Inspection of rice seeds for purity is a very important step for quality assessment. Promising results have been achieved using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for classification of rice seeds. However, the relatively high number of spectral features in HSI data continues to pose problems during classification which necessitates th...Show More

Comparative Study of PCA and LDA for Rice Seeds Quality Inspection

Samson Damilola Fabiyi;Hai Vu;Christos Tachtatzis;Paul Murray;David Harle;Trung-Kien Dao;Ivan Andonovic;Jinchang Ren;Stephen Marshall

2019 IEEE AFRICON

Year: 2019 | Conference Paper |

Spatial and spectral features utilization on a Hyperspectral imaging system for rice seed varietal purity inspection

Hai Vu;Christos Tachtatzis;Paul Murray;David Harle;Trung Kien Dao;Thi-Lan Le;Ivan Andonovic;Stephen Marshall

2016 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF)

Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (13)

HTML

A conventional method to inspect the varietal purity of rice seeds is based on human visual inspection where a random sample is drawn from a batch. This is a tedious, laborious, time consuming and extremely inefficient task. This paper presents an automatic rice seed inspection method using Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning, to automatically detect unwanted seeds from other varieties whic...Show More

Spatial and spectral features utilization on a Hyperspectral imaging system for rice seed varietal purity inspection

Hai Vu;Christos Tachtatzis;Paul Murray;David Harle;Trung Kien Dao;Thi-Lan Le;Ivan Andonovic;Stephen Marshall

2016 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF)

Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |

Automatic cattle location tracking using image processing

Trung-Kien Dao;Thi-Lan Le;David Harle;Paul Murray;Christos Tachtatzis;Stephen Marshall;Craig Michie;Ivan Andonovic

2015 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

Year: 2015 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (7)

HTML

Behavioural scientists track animal behaviour patterns through the construction of ethograms which detail the activities of cattle over time. To achieve this, scientists currently view video footage from multiple cameras located in and around a pen, which houses the animals, to extract their location and determine their activity. This is a time consuming, laborious task, which could be automated. ...Show More

Automatic cattle location tracking using image processing

Trung-Kien Dao;Thi-Lan Le;David Harle;Paul Murray;Christos Tachtatzis;Stephen Marshall;Craig Michie;Ivan Andonovic

2015 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

Year: 2015 | Conference Paper |

KernelSOM handover optimisation: Outdoor performance evaluations

Zulhizam Sanip;David Harle;Robert Atkinson;Neil Sinclair

2015 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)

Year: 2015 | Conference Paper |

HTML

A kernel based handover optimisation techniques has been proven to reduce the number of handovers between indoor femtocell and outdoor macro cell by 65%. By suppressing unnecessary handovers, the techniques improve the network performance by detecting area where spurious handovers occurred. This paper presents the applications of this technique on the outdoor scenario between two macro cells. The ...Show More

KernelSOM handover optimisation: Outdoor performance evaluations

Zulhizam Sanip;David Harle;Robert Atkinson;Neil Sinclair

2015 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)

Year: 2015 | Conference Paper |

Parameter Optimization for LTE Handover Using an Advanced SOM Algorithm

Neil Sinclair;David Harle;Ian A. Glover;James Irvine;Robert C. Atkinson

2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)

Year: 2013 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (8)

HTML

A novel approach to enhance the robustness of handovers in LTE femtocells is presented. A modified Self Organizing Map is used to allow femtocells to learn about their specific indoor environment including the locations that have prompted handover requests. Optimized handover parameter values are then used that are specific to these locations. This approach reduces both the number of handover fail...Show More

Parameter Optimization for LTE Handover Using an Advanced SOM Algorithm

Neil Sinclair;David Harle;Ian A. Glover;James Irvine;Robert C. Atkinson

2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)

Year: 2013 | Conference Paper |

An Advanced SOM Algorithm Applied to Handover Management Within LTE

Neil Sinclair;David Harle;Ian A. Glover;James Irvine;Robert C. Atkinson

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Year: 2013 | Volume: 62, Issue: 5 | Journal Article |

Cited by: Papers (47) | Patents (3)

HTML

A novel approach to handover management for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) femtocells is presented. Within LTE, the use of self-organizing networks (SONs) is included as standard, and handover management is one of its use cases. Base stations can autonomously decide whether handover should take place and assign the values of relevant parameters. Due to the limited range of femtocells, handover requires...Show More

An Advanced SOM Algorithm Applied to Handover Management Within LTE

Neil Sinclair;David Harle;Ian A. Glover;James Irvine;Robert C. Atkinson

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Year: 2013 | Volume: 62, Issue: 5 | Journal Article |

On-demand routing with unidirectional link using path loss estimation technique

Megat Zuhairi;Haseeb Zafar;David Harle

Wireless Telecommunications Symposium 2012

Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (2)

HTML

Most on-demand Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) routing schemes typically assume operation over symmetrical and bidirectional routing paths, both of which are not feasible due to the inherent heterogeneous properties of wireless devices. Radio links between a set of wireless devices may be asymmetrical and unidirectional as a result of factors such as high mobility, packet collisions due to interfere...Show More

On-demand routing with unidirectional link using path loss estimation technique

Megat Zuhairi;Haseeb Zafar;David Harle

Wireless Telecommunications Symposium 2012

Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |

Quantitative and qualitative network robustness analysis under different multiple failure scenarios

M. Manzano;E. Calle;D. Harle

2011 3rd International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT)

Year: 2011 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (2)

HTML

Society depends now more strongly than ever on large-scale networks. Failures of great significance have occurred in the last years. Thus, it has become of vital importance to define robustness metrics. Classical robustness analysis has been focused on the evaluation of topological characteristics. In this paper we extend this analysis introducing two new robustness metrics that include traffic se...Show More

Quantitative and qualitative network robustness analysis under different multiple failure scenarios

M. Manzano;E. Calle;D. Harle

2011 3rd International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT)

Year: 2011 | Conference Paper |

QoS-aware routing based on capacity estimation for mobile ad hoc networks

Haseeb Zafar;Sahibzada Mahmud;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

2011 Wireless Advanced

Year: 2011 | Conference Paper |

HTML

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are rapidly evolving and the notion of ad hoc networking has become one of the most challenging research areas of wireless communications. The rising popularity of real-time applications among end users in MANETs has stimulated a surge of research in routing and providing quality of service (QoS) support in such networks. Capacity estimation is a key component of an...Show More

QoS-aware routing based on capacity estimation for mobile ad hoc networks

Haseeb Zafar;Sahibzada Mahmud;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

2011 Wireless Advanced

Year: 2011 | Conference Paper |

A simulation study on the impact of mobility models on routing protocol performance with unidirectional link presence

Megat Zuhairi;David Harle

The International Conference on Information Networking 2011 (ICOIN2011)

Year: 2011 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (5) | Patents (4)

HTML

This paper considers the impact of unidirectional link on Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol from a mobility perspective. Most routing protocols assume that all wireless connectivity is symmetrical and bidirectional. Such assumptions are not generally true. Wireless nodes exhibit non-uniform transmission power, non-uniform reception quality and signal to noise ratio which may result...Show More

A simulation study on the impact of mobility models on routing protocol performance with unidirectional link presence

Megat Zuhairi;David Harle

The International Conference on Information Networking 2011 (ICOIN2011)

Year: 2011 | Conference Paper |

Downlink TCP performance enhancement at handoff for FMIPv6-enabled nodes

Jorge Espi;Robert Atkinson;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic;Colin Arthur

21st Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications

Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (2)

HTML

TCP's downlink performance during FMIPv6-enabled IEEE802.11g handoff is examined. The use of a user-initiated Handoff Notification, sent prior to handoff, is proposed. Therefore, the correspondent node is aware of the handoff-induced disruption, hence avoiding dropping the congestion window size and triggering Fast Retransmission mechanisms. During handoff, it continues to send data packets which ...Show More

Downlink TCP performance enhancement at handoff for FMIPv6-enabled nodes

Jorge Espi;Robert Atkinson;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic;Colin Arthur

21st Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications

Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |

Dynamic Reverse Route in Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol

Megat F. Zuhairi;David A. Harle

2010 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications

Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (5)

HTML

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a heterogeneous network; a collection of mobile wireless devices with different characteristics communicating in a random network topology. Much research over-simplifies by assuming that all nodes are homogeneous, i.e., possess identical transmission power, reception quality and signal to noise ratio, which is not realistic. Such conditions are ideal and not ofte...Show More

Dynamic Reverse Route in Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol

Megat F. Zuhairi;David A. Harle

2010 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications

Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |

An Optimum Network Selection Solution for Multihomed Hosts Using Hopfield Networks

Jorge Espi;Robert Atkinson;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

2010 Ninth International Conference on Networks

Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (2)

HTML

This work introduces a Hopfield Neural Network approach to network selection for multihomed hosts which considers a range of relevant network parameters including available radio access technologies and traffic types (VoIP, video streaming, Web browsing and FTP-based). Also proposed is a novel utility function that further improves network selection. Results show that, in terms of QoS, the allocat...Show More

An Optimum Network Selection Solution for Multihomed Hosts Using Hopfield Networks

Jorge Espi;Robert Atkinson;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

2010 Ninth International Conference on Networks

Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |

Performance evaluation of multi-path and single-path routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks

Christos Tachtatzis;David Harle

2008 International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems

Year: 2008 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (2)

HTML

There is an ambiguous opinion in the literature on whether multi-path routing offers significant merit in terms of a networkpsilas performance. The one camp supports the belief that multi-path routing is indeed advantageous compared to single-path counterparts and the other contends that the improvement is not significant, if at all. For the performance evaluation of the two counterparts, Dynamic ...Show More

Performance evaluation of multi-path and single-path routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks

Christos Tachtatzis;David Harle

2008 International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems

Year: 2008 | Conference Paper |

Differentiated survivability in a distributed GMPLS-based IP-over-optical network

David Harle;Saud Albarrak

2008 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling

Year: 2008 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (2)

HTML

A key element of the survivability cost is the amount of the additional capacity embedded in the network for recovery purposes. Generally, Internet service providers (ISPs) have the obvious aim of achieving the required level of survivability with minimum resource consumption and network cost. Therefore, in order to achieve such a challenge, it is necessary to move towards the multilayer different...Show More

Differentiated survivability in a distributed GMPLS-based IP-over-optical network

David Harle;Saud Albarrak

2008 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling

Year: 2008 | Conference Paper |

SMS: Shortest Multipath Source Routing for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Haseeb Zafar;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic;Mahmood Ashraf

2007 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

HTML

In recent years, on-demand multipath routing protocols have been a key research area in mobile ad-hoc networks. Such protocols are crucial in providing resilience to route failures and to successful load balancing. Previous work shows that on-demand multipath routing protocols achieve lower end-to-end delay, routing overheads and higher goodput under certain scenarios when compared to traditional ...Show More

SMS: Shortest Multipath Source Routing for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Haseeb Zafar;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic;Mahmood Ashraf

2007 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

Keeping Order: Determining the Effect of TCP Packet Reordering

Colin M. Arthur;Andrew Lehane;David Harle

International Conference on Networking and Services (ICNS '07)

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (11)

HTML

Packet reordering over TCP/IP networks is a phenomenon which is becoming increasingly important in network performance analysis. Reordering is a consequence of network equipment manufacturers increasing switch and link level parallelism on the Internet, seeking performance, reliability and economical improvements. This paper presents a methodology for simulating and measuring TCP reordering, provi...Show More

Keeping Order: Determining the Effect of TCP Packet Reordering

Colin M. Arthur;Andrew Lehane;David Harle

International Conference on Networking and Services (ICNS '07)

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

An Holistic Framework for Regular Virtual Topology Design

Olufemi Komolafe;David Harle

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

Year: 2007 | Volume: 15, Issue: 6 | Journal Article |

Cited by: Papers (1)

HTML

A bifurcated approach is typically adopted to the regular virtual topology design problem. By exploiting key metrics that affect optimization solutions, it is shown that easily computed parameters, pertaining to the spread in inter-nodal distances and the spread in inter-nodal traffic, are descriptive and appropriate means to characterize problem inputs, the physical topology and the traffic matri...Show More

An Holistic Framework for Regular Virtual Topology Design

Olufemi Komolafe;David Harle

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

Year: 2007 | Volume: 15, Issue: 6 | Journal Article |

Partial-Disjoint Multipath Routing for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

Haseeb Zafar;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic;Mahmood Ashraf

32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2007)

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (7)

HTML

On-demand multipath routing in wireless ad-hoc networks can be effective in achieving load balancing over the network and in providing a degree of resilience to route failures. A shortest multipath source routing (SMS) protocol is proposed - a multipath extension to DSR - supporting multimedia applications. The protocol has two novel aspects compared to other on-demand multipath routing protocols:...Show More

Partial-Disjoint Multipath Routing for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

Haseeb Zafar;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic;Mahmood Ashraf

32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2007)

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

Code Flexibility of 2-D Time-Spreading Wavelength-Hopping In OCDMA Systems

Taher M. Bazan;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Year: 2007 | Volume: 13, Issue: 5 | Journal Article |

Cited by: Papers (19)

HTML

The potential performance and successful experimental demonstrations of two-dimensional time-spreading wavelength-hopping (TW) optical code-division multiple access systems have motivated a large volume of research into the development of new TW codes. The choice of the code is crucial in network design since the code not only affects the overall system performance but also sets limits on the phys...Show More

Code Flexibility of 2-D Time-Spreading Wavelength-Hopping In OCDMA Systems

Taher M. Bazan;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Year: 2007 | Volume: 13, Issue: 5 | Journal Article |

Service Level Agreement Framework for Differentiated Survivability in GMPLS-based IP-over-Optical Networks

David Harle;Saud Albarrak;Fuead Ali;Anna Urra;Eusebi Calle;Jose L. Marzo

2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (2) | Patents (4)

HTML

In the next generation optical internet, GMPLS-based IP-over-optical networks, ISPs will be required to support a wide variety of applications each having their own requirements. These requirements are contracted by means of the SLA. This paper describes a recovery framework that may be included in the SLA contract between ISP and customers in order to provide the required level of survivability. ...Show More

Service Level Agreement Framework for Differentiated Survivability in GMPLS-based IP-over-Optical Networks

David Harle;Saud Albarrak;Fuead Ali;Anna Urra;Eusebi Calle;Jose L. Marzo

2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

Using Resource Pools for Pre-Signaled Restoration LSP in ASON Networks

F. Kolberg;D. Harle

2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (1)

HTML

When considering network restoration, the amount of reserved resources has an important impact on network performance in that it can restrict the acceptance of new connections. Thus, the use of shared resources to support restoration can improve overall network performance. However, efficient resource sharing searches in a global network require extensive computation and database updates. The rest...Show More

Using Resource Pools for Pre-Signaled Restoration LSP in ASON Networks

F. Kolberg;D. Harle

2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications

Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |

Interferometric Noise in Optical Code Division Multiple Access Systems

Taher Bazan;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

2006 International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Year: 2006 | Conference Paper |

HTML

Interferometric noise (IN) (also referred to as beat noise) is one of the most detrimental noise sources in optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems dominating the effect of multiple access interference (MAI). General classification of IN is provided supported by survey of OCDMA systems that suffer from beat noise, theoretical framework that permits an assessment of the level of syste...Show More

Interferometric Noise in Optical Code Division Multiple Access Systems

Taher Bazan;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

2006 International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Year: 2006 | Volume: 3 | Conference Paper |

Performance Analysis of a 2-D Time-wavelength OCDMA Wavelength-Aware Receiver with Beat Noise

Taher Bazan;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

2006 International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Year: 2006 | Conference Paper |

Cited by: Papers (1)

HTML

The effect of beat noise on two-dimensional time-wavelength optical code-division multiple-access systems utilising wavelength-aware receivers is examined. A derivation of a general formula for the bit error probability taking into consideration multiple access interference (MAI) and other noise sources is given. In addition, a comparison between the system performance of such a receiver and the t...Show More

Performance Analysis of a 2-D Time-wavelength OCDMA Wavelength-Aware Receiver with Beat Noise

Taher Bazan;David Harle;Ivan Andonovic

2006 International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Year: 2006 | Volume: 1 | Conference Paper |

IEEE Personal Account

Change username/password

Purchase Details

Payment Options
View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

Communications Preferences
Profession and Education
Technical interests

Need Help?

US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
Contact & Support

Follow

About IEEE Xplore | Contact Us | Help | Accessibility | Terms of Use | Nondiscrimination Policy | IEEE Ethics Reporting | Sitemap | IEEE Privacy Policy

A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.

© Copyright 2025 IEEE - All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence and similar technologies.

IEEE Account

Change Username/Password
Update Address

Purchase Details

Payment Options
Order History
View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

Communications Preferences
Profession and Education
Technical Interests

Need Help?

US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
Contact & Support

About IEEE Xplore
Contact Us
Help
Accessibility
Terms of Use
Nondiscrimination Policy
Sitemap
Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.
© Copyright 2025 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.

Test Whats new message.