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Shaoxuan Ma - IEEE Xplore Author Profile

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The next generation of experiments for light-dark-matter and neutrino searches based on skipper charge-coupled devices (skipper-CCDs) introduces new challenges for the sensor packaging and readout architecture. Scaling the active mass while simultaneously reducing the experimental backgrounds in orders of magnitude requires a novel high-density silicon-based package that must be massively produced...Show More
A novel readout architecture that uses multiple nondestructive floating-gate amplifiers (FGAs) to achieve subelectron readout noise in a thick, fully depleted silicon detector is presented. This multiple-amplifier sensing charge-coupled device (MAS-CCD) can perform multiple independent charge measurements with each amplifier; measurements with multiple amplifiers can then be combined to further re...Show More
In this article, a digital optimal-filtering method is proposed for reducing readout noise in charge-coupled devices (CCDs). The technique includes a number of noise sources that other methods omit but may restrict the sensor’s effectiveness. A procedure is described to obtain the noise directly from the video signal under a standard readout sequence, instead of using an indirect noise measurement...Show More
Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) sensors have been at the forefront of high precision and resolution imaging ever since their development. Scientific CCDs and the Skipper-CCD pushed the boundaries for sensing very weak ionizing particles, as they allow to detect without error the charge signal (even a single electron-hole pair) collected on every pixel of the detector. To obtain such precision these ...Show More
The Skipper CCD allows pixel measurements with sub-electron noise levels. The gain of the CCD, that relates the number of electrons to the number of analog to digital units (ADU) is almost linear but with some degree of nonlinearity. This article uses the charge quantization allowed by the Skipper CCD to estimate the gain with different strategies. Linear and quadratic models are analyzed and diff...Show More
This work presents a characterization of an event-based CMOS imager using the Photon Transfer Curve methodology, which allows to estimate performance parameters like Fixed Pattern Noise, Conversion Gain, Read Noise and Quantum Efficiency. The imager is a 127 × 127 pixel array, with 40μm pitch and processing in the pixel, fabricated in a 90nm CMOS technology.Show More
The skipper CCD is a special type of charge coupled device in which the readout noise can be reduced to subelectron levels by averaging independent measurements of the same charge. Thus the charge in the pixels can be determined by counting the exact number of electrons. The total readout time is proportional to the number of measurements of the charge in each pixel. For some applications this tim...Show More
This article proposes a new technique to reduce the readout noise in charge-coupled devices (CCDs). The objective is to minimize the common noise between the channels. This noise is either induced by the readout electronics or by the environment, and it could be present in small (single CCD and a few channels) or large systems (dozens of CCDs and hundreds of channels). By interleaving the video si...Show More
This article provides insight into the effects of jitter induced noise in the pixel value when digital readout techniques are used for charge coupled devices (CCD). Available publications only focus in the CCD electronic noise component while this work analyzes the impact of jitter for readout schemes in which samples near and within the transition of the video signal between the pedestal level an...Show More
This article provides a design methodology to calculate an optimal filter for noise reduction in the readout of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) taking into account the charge transfer and feed-through due to capacitive coupling in the CCD. A detailed analysis of the dynamics in the video signal and charge transfer is presented. This includes the circuital modeling of the output stage of the CCD and ...Show More
In this work, the design and preliminary results of the first specially design Skipper-CCD controller, aimed for low threshold particle and astronomy experiments, is presented. The system integrates on a single board: the generation of the clock and bias signals for the sensor; four high-speed analog-to-digital converters to digitize the video channels of the CCD; Artix-7 FPGA to perform pixel cal...Show More
Fully depleted thick CCDs have been designed for infrared astronomy, but their low read-out noise of the order of ≈ 2 e- and their considerable mass of ≈ 5.2g, allows novel uses for them in low energy threshold particle detection applications, such as the CONNIE and DAMIC experiments. For both experiments, a reduction of the CCD read-out noise is will produce an increase in the detection efficienc...Show More
Thick Charge Couple Devices have proven to be interesting particle detectors. The DAMIC and CONNIE collaborations are using this technology to search for the elastic scattering of a dark matter particle or a neutrino with a silicon nucleus, producing a nuclear recoil. The experiments reach unprecedented sensitivity at low energies (below 100 eV) by taking advantage of the low readout noise achieve...Show More
Fully depleted thick CCDs have been designed for infrared astronomy, but their low read-out noise of the order of approximately 2 e- and their considerable mass of approximately 5.2 gr, allows novel uses for them in low energy threshold particle detection applications, such as the CONNIE and DAMIC experiments. In both experiments, the neutrinos or WIMPS will generate e-h pairs in a volume much les...Show More
Fully depleted thick CCDs have been designed for infrared astronomy, but their low read-out noise of the order of ≈2e- and their considerable mass of ≈5.2 gr, allows novel uses for them in low energy threshold particle detection applications, such as the CONNIE and DAMIC experiments. For both experiments, a reduction of the CCD read-out noise is vital. In this work we present a method to measure t...Show More
In this article a stochastic model for point events expected in the output image of scientific CCDs is derived. This kind of events are typical in CCD systems dedicated to particle detection, such as DAMIC and CONNIE. The model includes the randomness of the charge movement in the silicon and the noise at the readout stage providing the base for an optimal detection technique.Show More
The readout noise for Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) has been the main limitation when using these detectors for measuring small amplitude signals. A readout system for a very low noise scientific CCD is presented in this paper. The Skipper CCD architecture, and its advantages for low noise applications are discussed. A technique for obtaining sub-electron readout noise levels is presented, and its...Show More