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High-current reflex triode research
D.P. Murphy;B.V. Weber;S.B. Swanekamp;R.J. Commisso;R.J. Allen;J.R. Goyer;J.C. Riordan;J.S. Levine
High-current (1-3 MA) reflex triodes are being developed as intense pulsed sources of moderate energy (200-1200 kV endpoint) bremsstrahlung. The triode consists of three coaxial electrodes: two hollow cylindrical cathodes and a flat anode foil between them. The grounded cathodes emit electrons that produce bremsstrahlung in the positive high voltage anode. The anode is made from thin tantalum (sma...Show More
A 2MV, <300ps risetime, 100Hz pulser for generation of microwaves
D. Morton;J. Banister;J. Levine;T. Naff;I. Smith;H. Sze;T. Warren;D. V. Giri;C. Mora;J. Pavlinko;J. Schleher;C. E. Baum
2010 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference
Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (9)
HPM WBTS (High Power Microwave, Wide-Band Threat Systems) is a high power, repetitively pulsed, wide-band microwave generator. HPM WBTS microwave capability covers the range of 0.2 to 6GHz in nine frequency bands. E-Field specification at target is 30-110 V/m/MHz depending on frequency. The system is transportable, capable of being set up at remote sites and operating on generator power. The HPM W...Show More
HPM WBTS, a transportable high-power wide-band microwave source
D. Morton;J. Banister;T. DaSilva;J. Levine;T. Naff;I. Smith;H. Sze;T. Warren;D. V. Giri;C. Mora;J. Pavlinko;J. Schleher;C. E. Baum
2010 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference
Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (7)
HPM WBTS (High Power Microwave, Wide-Band Threat Systems) is a high power, repetitively pulsed, wide-band microwave generator. The HPM WBTS microwave capability covers the range of 200MHz to 6GHz in nine frequency bands. E-Field specification at target is 30-110 V/m/MHz depending on frequency. The system is transportable, capable of being set up at remote sites and operating on generator power. HP...Show More
High power microwave pulse impact on an all-dielectric lithium niobate modulator
James H. Schaffner;Kevin Geary;Daniel Yap;Oleg Efimov;Dan A. White;Mark L. Stowell;Charles G. Brown;Jerrold S. Levine
2010 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics
Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (3)
Magnetic Field Diffusion and Enhanced Resistivity in 12-cm-Diameter 200-ns 3.5-MA Z-Pinch Implosions
Niansheng Qi;B. H. Failor;J. S. Levine;J. Goyer;H. Sze;A. Verma
Investigations of magnetic field diffusion and plasma resistivity in 12-cm-diameter triple-gas-puff Ar Z-pinch implosions were carried out by using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), a laser shearing interferometer (LSI), and a laser wavefront analyzer (LWA) on a 3.5-MA 200-ns generator. The PLIF measurements gave the initial Ar gas distributions. The implosion velocity and electron density...Show More
Energetics of a long-implosion-time, 12-cm-diameter argon-gas-puff Z pinch at 6.5 MA
R.J. Commisso;J.P. Apruzese;D. Mosher;D.P. Murphy;B.V. Weber;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H.M. Sze;A. Bixler;P.L. Coleman;A. Jarema;J. Knight;S. Lee;M. Krishnan;J. Thompson;K. Wilson;C.A. Coverdale;C. Deeney
2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference
Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (9)
We carry out an energy-inventory analysis for a 12-cm-diameter, argon gas-puff shot on the Saturn generator. From the measured pinch inductance time history, we infer the average radius of the pinch current, rind, and the total work done on the pinch, Ecoupled, both as functions of time. The kinetic energy as a function of time, EKE, is inferred from rind and the measured initial mass distribution...Show More
Energetics of a long-implosion-time, 12-cm-diameter argon-gas-puff Z pinch at 6.5 MA
R.J. Commisso;J.P. Apruzese;D. Mosher;D.P. Murphy;B.V. Weber;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H.M. Sze;A. Bixler;P.L. Coleman;A. Jarema;J. Knight;S. Lee;M. Krishnan;J. Thompson;K. Wilson;C.A. Coverdale;C. Deeney
Long-Implosion-Time, 12-cm-Diameter Argon-Gas-Puff Experiments at 6 MA
R.J. Commisso;J.P. Apruzese;J. Davis;T.A. Holt;D. Mosher;D.P. Murphy;J.W. Thornhill;A.L. Velikovich;B.V. Weber;F.C. Young;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H.M. Sze;A. Bixler;P.L. Coleman;A. Jarema;J. Knight;S. Lee;M. Krishnan;J. Thompson;K. Wilson;C.A. Coverdale;C. Deeney
2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)
Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
Summary form only given. We wish to maximize the K-shell yield from high-atomic-number Z pinches (photon energy of ~1-8 keV) and to develop Z-pinch-based concepts for sources of higher-photon energy (~8 to 40 keV). To achieve these goals, large-diameter implosions are needed to: (a) produce the high specific energy required to excite K-shell line radiation from high-atomic-number Z pinches, (b) pr...Show More
Long-Implosion-Time, 12-cm-Diameter Argon-Gas-Puff Experiments at 6 MA
R.J. Commisso;J.P. Apruzese;J. Davis;T.A. Holt;D. Mosher;D.P. Murphy;J.W. Thornhill;A.L. Velikovich;B.V. Weber;F.C. Young;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H.M. Sze;A. Bixler;P.L. Coleman;A. Jarema;J. Knight;S. Lee;M. Krishnan;J. Thompson;K. Wilson;C.A. Coverdale;C. Deeney
Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |
Time Dependent Axial Z-pinch Characterization of Argon PRS Shots
J. R. Thompson;P. L. Coleman;A. Jarema;B. H. Failor;J. S. Levine;N. Qi
2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)
Year: 2007 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. Characterization of implosion kinematics is of interest in understanding and optimizing plasma radiation source (PRS) K-shell yield. It also serves to provide input parameters to the modeling of PRS pinch conditions. A measure of the sensitivity of the PRS implosion kinematics to changes in initial conditions is the time and axial dependence of the Z-pinch assembly on-axis...Show More
Measurement of the $\sim$0.1- to $>$ 10-keV Energy Distribution for an Argon Z-Pinch at the 15-MA Level
Philip L. Coleman;J. P. Apruzese;Alexander L. Velikovich;J. Ward Thornhill;Jack Davis;Christine A. Coverdale;Jerrold S. Levine;B. Failor;H. Sze;J. Banister
We report an approximate energy distribution (coarse spectrum) over the range ~0.1 to > 10 keV for the X-ray output of an argon Z-pinch. The tests, conducted at ~15-MA peak current, utilized an 8-cm diameter double-shell nozzle. Sze (2001) have previously described the performance of this Z-pinch with emphasis on the K-shell line emission at ~3 keV. Additional measurements that address the non-K-l...Show More
High Current Wire Array and Gas Puff Implosions on the Z Accelerator to Produce Intense K-Shell X-Ray Emissions
C.A. Coverdale;C. Deeney;B. Jones;P.D. LePell;A.L. Velikovich;J.W. Thornhill;J.P. Apruzese;K.G. Whitney;R.W. Clark;J. Davis;J.S. Levine;H.M. Sze;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;N. Qi;Y. Maron
2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics
Year: 2006 | Conference Paper |
Over the last several years, the Z Accelerator has been engaged in research on near-Planckian x-ray sources for inertial confinement fusion and on K-shell emitting sources for radiation-material interaction studies. These radiating z pinches exhibit complex dynamics that have been, and continue to be, studied over a wide range of configurations. In this paper, the progress to date for the producti...Show More
High Current Wire Array and Gas Puff Implosions on the Z Accelerator to Produce Intense K-Shell X-Ray Emissions
C.A. Coverdale;C. Deeney;B. Jones;P.D. LePell;A.L. Velikovich;J.W. Thornhill;J.P. Apruzese;K.G. Whitney;R.W. Clark;J. Davis;J.S. Levine;H.M. Sze;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;N. Qi;Y. Maron
Year: 2006 | Conference Paper |
Measurement and Analysis of Continuum Radiation From a Large-Diameter Long Implosion Time Argon Gas Puff$Z$-Pinch at 6 MA
F.C. Young;R.J. Commisso;D.P. Murphy;J.P. Apruzese;D. Mosher;A.L. Velikovich;P.L. Coleman;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H.M. Sze
Time-resolved measurements of the absolute free-bound (FB) continuum spectrum emitted from a 12-cm-diameter argon gas-puff$Z$-pinch driven at$sim!!6$-MA peak current with 220- to 260-ns implosion times are reported. A crystal spectrometer is used with silicon diode detectors to provide kiloelectronvolt spectral resolution. The energy and absolute-intensity calibration procedures for the spectromet...Show More
Measurement and analysis of argon continuum radiation from a 12-CM diameter gas puff Z pinch at 6MA
F.C. Young;J.P Apruzese;R.J. Commisso;D. Mosher;D.P. Murphy;A.L. Velikovich;P.L. Coleman;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H.M. Sze
The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006. ICOPS 2006. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts.
Year: 2006 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. Absolute measurement of the free-bound (FB) continuum spectrum above the K-shell from atomic-number Z ges 10 Z-pinches can be a useful diagnostic tool to obtain the electron temperature and the ion density of a hot, radiating Z-pinch. These measurements are also of interest for benchmarking continuum radiation models associated with the use of this high-photon-energy radia...Show More
Results of testing of a large diameter gas-puff nozzle on several pulse power generators
The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006. ICOPS 2006. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts.
Year: 2006 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. The ability to control and vary the radial profile of the initial mass distribution for Z-pinch implosion is critical to both increase the K-shell X-ray yield and to elucidate the physics that determine pinch quality and yield. Toward that end, we have developed a triple-plenum gas valve that feeds a nozzle consisting of 2 concentric shells and an axial jet. Each plenum is...Show More
K and XUV signatures of high K-yieldstructured AR puff loads
D. Y. Lojewski;A.L. Velikovich;J.W. Thornhill;J.P. Apruzese;H.M. Sze;N. Qi;J.S. Levine;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor
The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006. ICOPS 2006. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts.
Year: 2006 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. Structured 12 cm diameter Ar gas puff loads have produced Rayleigh-Taylor stable implosions and K-yields close to 1D hydrocode predictions. In order to optimize the designs of future loads, it is important to identify the reasons for these stable implosions. Diagnostics of the K-shell (3 keV < E < 5 keV) emitting mass are fairly well developed, but most of the load mass em...Show More
Measurements of the K Continuum for Argon Z-Pinches
Philip Coleman;Alex Bixler;Anastasia Jarema;Jason Knight;Susan Lee;Mahadevan Krishnan;John Thompson;John Rauch;Miriam Rauch;Bruce Failor;Jerrold Levine;Niansheng Qi;Ajay Verma
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. While the characteristic "resonance" lines dominate the K-shell X-ray emission from Z pinches, the energy in the K continuum (free-bound and free-free transitions) can be significant. A simple model implies that the continuum could supply well over 10% of the K-shell yield if the plasma is warm enough and dense enough. We present here new measurements of the continuum stre...Show More
XUV Imaging and Spectral Measurements of Argon Z-Pinch Loads
B. H. Failor;J. W. Banister;J. S. Levine;N. Qi;H. M. Sze;D. Y. Lojewski
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. A number of diagnostics have been developed to measure the argon K-shell (~3 keV) X-ray emitting volume and spectrum. However, only ~20% of the load mass participates in the K-shell emission and less than 20% of the total emission falls in that energy band. We have made measurements to determine both the radial emission profile and the emitted spectrum in the XUV (0.1Show More
The Effects of Multidimensional Structures on the Radiative Emission and Absorption Characteristics of Argon Gas-Puff Z Pinches
Y. Chong;J.W. Thornhill;A.L. Velikovich;J.P. Apruzese;J. Davis;N. Qi;H. Sze;J.S. Levine;B. Failor
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. Recent 2-D MHD simulations of large diameter argon gas-puff Z-pinch loads using PLIF (planar laser induced fluorescence) initial density profiles have shown that the radiative emission and absorption characteristics of the plasmas are critically affected by the formation and evolution of nonuniform structures and inhomogeneities. In drive toward the design of large diamete...Show More
Overview of Recent Large-Diameter, Gas-Puff Z-Pinch Research
R.J. Commisso;J.P. Apruzese;Y.K. Chong;J. Davis;M. H. Frese;D. Mosher;D.P. Murphy;D.G. Phipps;J.W. Thornhill;A.L. Velikovich;B.V. Weber;F.C Young;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H. Sze;A. Bixler;P. Coleman;M. Krishnan;J. Thompson;E. Carlson;R.C. Hazelton;E.J. Yadlowsky;F. Davies;C. De LaCruz
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (3)
Summary form only given. Large radius implosions of gas-puff Z-pinches are the subject of intense investigation. Such implosions are needed to achieve the high specific energy required to excite K-line radiation from high-atomic-number (e.g. Z>26) radiators, for proper matching with high-current (~10 MA and higher) generators, for continuum radiator concepts that require heating beyond the optimum...Show More
Overview of Recent Large-Diameter, Gas-Puff Z-Pinch Research
R.J. Commisso;J.P. Apruzese;Y.K. Chong;J. Davis;M. H. Frese;D. Mosher;D.P. Murphy;D.G. Phipps;J.W. Thornhill;A.L. Velikovich;B.V. Weber;F.C Young;J.W. Banister;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H. Sze;A. Bixler;P. Coleman;M. Krishnan;J. Thompson;E. Carlson;R.C. Hazelton;E.J. Yadlowsky;F. Davies;C. De LaCruz
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Neutron Production from a Deuterium Gas Puff at the Z Accelerator
C.A. Coverdale;C. Deeney;C. Ruiz;J.E. Bailey;G. Cooper;A. Velikovich;J. Davis;R. W. Clark;J. Franklin;G. Dunham;D. Casey;A. Nelson;J. Levine;J. Banister
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (2)
Summary form only given. Experiments have been performed at the Z accelerator to study the neutron production from a deuterium gas puff. The current scaling of the neutron production was of primary interest, so shots were fielded at approximately 12 MA, and 16 MA. The shots at both current levels were fielded with similar implosion times. The gas puff nozzle used was a nested shell configuration, ...Show More
Characterization of Z-Pinch Loads by using Laser Induced Fluorescence and Laser Shearing Interferometer
N. Qi;B. H. Failor;J. W. Banister;J. S. Levine;H. M. Sze;David Lojewski
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. Because the energy coupling and the X-ray output of Z-pinch plasma radiation sources are determined by the implosion history, measurements from the initial gas phase, through the MHD implosion phase, to the final pinch phase are needed. Many diagnostics have been developed for the final pinch phase. We have developed a planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique to ...Show More
Advances in Large Diameter Gas-Puff Nozzles for Long-Pulse Z-Pinches
J. S. Levine;J. W. Banister;B. H. Failor;N. Qi;H. M. Sze;D. Y. Lojewski
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. Nozzles for high current, short implosion time (<100 ns) Z-pinches have historically produced a single thin shell of gas, typically a few cm in diameter. As interest in longer implosion time drivers has increased in the last several years, larger diameter nozzles have been developed. In order to minimize the effects of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, distributions consistin...Show More
The Effect of the Initial Density Profile on K-Shell Emission in Two-Dimensional Simulations of Argon Gas-Puff z Pinches
J.W. Thornhill;Y. K. Chong;J. P. Apruzese;J. Davis;A. L. Velikovich;R. W. Clark;R. E. Terry;R. J. Commisso;M.H. Frese;S. D. Frese;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H. Sze;A. Bixler;P. Coleman;J. Thompson;M. Krishnan
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. In order to implode enough mass to the high specific energies necessary to produce K-shell emission from high Z elements like krypton, large-diameter Z-pinch loads will be required for short current rise time machines, like Z and ZR. For long pulse rise time machines, such as Decade Quad, large diameters are needed for the same reason and, in addition, they are needed to e...Show More
The Effect of the Initial Density Profile on K-Shell Emission in Two-Dimensional Simulations of Argon Gas-Puff z Pinches
J.W. Thornhill;Y. K. Chong;J. P. Apruzese;J. Davis;A. L. Velikovich;R. W. Clark;R. E. Terry;R. J. Commisso;M.H. Frese;S. D. Frese;B.H. Failor;J.S. Levine;N. Qi;H. Sze;A. Bixler;P. Coleman;J. Thompson;M. Krishnan
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
GaAs - A Versatile Photoconductive Material for the Measurement of X-Rays in Pulsed Power Applications
John E. Rauch;Miriam Gersten-Rauch;Arnold Burger;Douglas S. McGregor;Alan W. Hunt;Randy Spaulding;Don King;Dave Beutler;John Riordan;Bruce Failor;Jerrold Levine;Niansheng Qi;Henry Sze;Philip Coleman;Roman Sobolewski;Aleksandr Verevkin;Frank Young;Frank Davies;Chris Delacruz;Kelly Campbell;Ajay Verma
2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
We developed four types of GaAs PCDs: bremsstrahlung (two types), soft X-ray, and gamma for pulsed reactors. GaAs PCDs are advantageous in applications that require fast response, high dose rate, and/or neutron insensitivity. Desired detector sensitivity and response were obtained through modification of carrier lifetime by neutron irradiation, size of the sensing element, and orientation of the s...Show More
GaAs - A Versatile Photoconductive Material for the Measurement of X-Rays in Pulsed Power Applications
John E. Rauch;Miriam Gersten-Rauch;Arnold Burger;Douglas S. McGregor;Alan W. Hunt;Randy Spaulding;Don King;Dave Beutler;John Riordan;Bruce Failor;Jerrold Levine;Niansheng Qi;Henry Sze;Philip Coleman;Roman Sobolewski;Aleksandr Verevkin;Frank Young;Frank Davies;Chris Delacruz;Kelly Campbell;Ajay Verma
Year: 2005 | Conference Paper |
Two-dimensional gas density and velocity distributions of a 12-cm-diameter, triple-nozzle argon Z-pinch load
Niansheng Qi;B.H. Failor;J. Banister;J.S. Levine;H.M. Sze;D. Lojewski
We have developed a 12-cm-diameter Ar gas Z-pinch load, which produces two annular gas shells and a center gas jet. The two-dimensional (2-D) gas density profiles of the load, in r-/spl theta/ and r-z planes, were measured with submillimeter spatial resolutions using the planar-laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) method, for conditions used in Z-pinch experiments. Due to interactions between the she...Show More
Argon Z-pinch experiments with large diameter nozzles
The 31st IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2004. ICOPS 2004. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts.
Year: 2004 | Conference Paper |
Summary form only given. We have developed large diameter nozzles for long-implosion-time argon z-pinch experiments over the past several years. Results on the Double-EAGLE generator in 2002 with a 12 cm double-shell nozzle (outer shell between 5 and 6 cm; inner shell between 2 and 3 cm) indicated that increased K-shell yield might be obtained with the addition of more mass near the axis, which wa...Show More
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