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DC Voltage Control of Grid-Forming Converter for Transient Stability Enhancement
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
Year: 2025 | Early Access Article |
Grid-forming converters are increasingly utilized as the interface between distributed energy resources and utilities, owing to their advantageous features. However, they may encounter transient stability issues during grid faults, particularly when considering the dc-link effect. In the literature, the impact of dc-link voltage control on the stability has been discussed, while it is not fully ex...Show More
Stability Analysis and Control Design of Grid-Forming Converters With DC-Link Effect
Chenhang Xu;Zhixiang Zou;Xinlei Liu;Meng Huang;Wu Chen;Zheng Wang
Grid-forming converters are increasingly utilized as the interface between distributed energy resources and utilities, owing to their advantageous features. However, they may encounter transient stability issues during grid faults, particularly when considering the dc-link effect. This article establishes a transient energy function which enables stability analysis of the grid-forming converter wi...Show More
A Generalized Design Criterion of Filter-Based Stabilizing Control of ST-Fed LV Grid
Zhixiang Zou;Jian Tang;Shuai Yuan;Giampaolo Buticchi;Marco Liserre
IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics
Year: 2025 | Early Access Article |
Despite the Smart Transformer’s (ST) significant advantages in addressing system-level challenges, control-level issues, especially stability issues arising from the increasing penetration of inverter-based renewables, remain crucial. Existing methods, like filter-based active damping and virtual impedance, have been explored in literature to improve the stability of low voltage (LV) ST-fed grids....Show More
A Unified Reduced-Order Approach for Grid-Interfaced DC/AC Converters
Zhixiang Zou;Ruokai Xu;Qilin Peng;Jian Tang;Giampaolo Buticchi
Small-signal impedance/admittance models are vital for stability analysis in systems with dc/ac converters. However, these converters often have higher orders compared to conventional power system devices such as synchronous generators. This complexity can hinder the analysis of grids with a high penetration of converters. Existing model order reduction methods often rely on numerical approximatio...Show More
A Model Predictive Control With Grid-Forming Capability for Back-to-Back Converters in Wind Turbine Systems
Zhijie Zeng;Dawei Chen;Shiyao Qin;Shuai Yuan;Zhixiang Zou;Jinyu Chen;Chen Qi
With the increasing penetration of wind turbine (WT) systems with permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) into the power grids, the back-to-back converter (BTB) has become the key element interfacing wind sources and power grids. Compared to the grid-following voltage source converter (GFL-VSC), the grid-forming VSC (GFM-VSC) shows voltage and frequency support capabilities, which meets th...Show More
A Robust Model Predictive Control for PLL-Based Grid-Connected Converter Under Weak Grids
2024 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)
Year: 2024 | Conference Paper |
The grid-connected converters (GCCs), synchronized by the phase-locked loop (PLL), often encounter harmonic stability challenges, particularly in weak grids. While several stabilizing control strategies have been proposed in the past, they often suffer from various limitations, including complex loop redesign and trade-off between performances. In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC)-based...Show More
Harmonic Forecasting in Power Electronics: AI-Driven Machine Learning Modeling Approach for Voltage Source Converters
Ahmed S. Abdelsamad;Zhixiang Zou;Johanna Myrzik;Moustafa Fouz
2024 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)
Year: 2024 | Conference Paper |
This research compares neural network methods in predicting Voltage Source Converters' (VSCs) harmonic characteristics, essential for power electronics performance and grid compatibility. A model is developed using both time and frequency-domain data. Two approaches are used: training on time-domain data and converting it to frequency-domain before training. Results offer insights into VSC harmoni...Show More
Transient Stability Analysis and Enhancement of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Converters
Chenhang Xu;Zhixiang Zou;Jiajun Yang;Zheng Wang;Wu Chen;Giampaolo Buticchi
The increasing prevalence of grid-following (GFL) converters in modern power systems raises concerns about transient stability, mainly stemming from loss of synchronization (LOS). In certain scenarios, grid-forming (GFM) converters are utilized to improve system stability. Existing literature focuses on the transient stability analysis of individual converter types, with limited attention given to...Show More
Design of Filter-Based Stabilizing Control for PLL-Synchronized Converters
Zhixiang Zou;Xingqi Liu;Wu Chen;Giampaolo Buticchi;Xiongfei Wang;Marco Liserre
The phase-locked loop (PLL) has an important effect on the system stability of grid-connected converters in weak grids. In the literature, parameter tuning methods and stabilizing control strategies have been proposed to deal with this problem. However, most of them target at tuning parameters of PLL or mitigating the negative damping as well as the phase lag introduced by the PLL, while the inter...Show More
Reduced-Order Symbolic Admittance Model and Stability Analysis of Grid-Connected Converters
With the penetration of power electronic devices in the power grid, their multi-time scale coupling characteristic with the power grid leads to a decrease in the power system stability. To study this issue, small-signal impedance modeling and stability analysis are necessary for interconnected power electronic devices. However, with the increasing complexity of the control structure and power grid...Show More
Adaptive Stabilizing Control of Smart Transformer Based on Reinforcement Learning Optimization
Jian Tang;Zhixiang Zou;Jiajun Yang;Giampaolo Buticchi;Wei Hua
The stability of power systems is currently facing significant challenges due to the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). To improve stability, the smart transformer (ST) can be used to reshape the grid-side impedance that interacts with low-voltage (LV) side DER inverters by adjusting the control strategy. This paper first establishes the impedance models of the ST LV co...Show More
Parameter Estimation of Sub-/Super-Synchronous Oscillation Based on Interpolated All-Phase Fast Fourier Transform with Optimized Window Function
In recent years, with increasing amounts of renewable energy sources connecting to power networks, sub-/super-synchronous oscillations (SSOs) have occurred more frequently. Due to the time-variant nature of SSO magnitudes and frequencies, as well as the mutual interferences among SSO modes with close frequencies, the accurate parameter estimation of SSO has become a particularly challenging topic....Show More
A Smart Transformer for the Electrical Power System of Green Airports: Smart Power Management
Giampaolo Buticchi;Thiago Pereira;Jiajun yang;Giovanni De Carne;Xiang Gao;Youngjong Ko;Zhixiang Zou;Kangan Wang;Marco Liserre
Green transportation and renewable energy production have attracted a global attention due to the needs of decreasing the environmental impact and still sustain increased energy needs. In this framework, the aircraft and airports are facing a profound renovations towards green technologies, among which the electrical ones are playing a central role. This paper explores how a Smart Transformer can ...Show More
Stabilization of Distribution Grids With High Penetration of Renewables: The Path From Decentralized Control to a Centralized One
The integration of renewable energies and electric vehicle (EV) charging stations is challenging the electric grid in terms of resonances caused by complex interaction mechanisms involving power convertor control and electromagnetic transients of the grid. Very often, these problems have been tackled with decentralized control approaches, which have difficulties in taking all the interdependencies...Show More
Identification and Stabilization of Constant Power Loads in AC Microgrids
Jiajun Yang;Sandro Guenter;Giampaolo Buticchi;Chunyang Gu;Zhixiang Zou;Zheng Wang;Pat Wheeler
Microgrids represent an attractive solution for a more flexible way to manage electrical power systems, potentially allowing for increased distributed generation and smarter usage of the available electrical power. However, the presence of power electronics and their control can challenge the system stability, especially power electronic converters with constant power load behavior. This article c...Show More
Design of Stabilizing Control of Smart Transformer Using an Asymmetric Resonant Filter
Xingqi Liu;Zhixiang Zou;Yiyang Yao;Jian Tang;Wu Chen;Zheng Wang
2023 IEEE 2nd International Power Electronics and Application Symposium (PEAS)
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
Smart transformer (ST) is usually used to solve system level problems. However, ST low-voltage sider converter will couple with the grid-connected converters and stability and harmonic oscillations problems occur. To solve this problem, this paper studies the filter impact on the stability and an asymmetric resonant filter is proposed. Based on the proposed filter, the stabilizing control strategy...Show More
Reduced-Order Symbolic Admittance Model and Stability Analysis of Grid-Following Converters
2023 IEEE 2nd International Power Electronics and Application Symposium (PEAS)
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
In recent years, the penetration of power electronic devices in the power system becomes higher. Grid-following converter, as a main category of renewable energy interface in the power grid, may trigger stability problems under some circumstances. However, with the increasing complexity of control strategy and grid structure, stability analysis becomes a difficult task due to the heavy computation...Show More
Flexible Power Injection Strategy for Transient Stability Enhancement
Chenhang Xu;Zhixiang Zou;Wu Chen;Zhenhua Lv;Qiang Li;Sen Zhang
2023 IEEE 2nd International Power Electronics and Application Symposium (PEAS)
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (2)
In power systems with high penetration of renewables and power electronics interfaces, stability issues, particularly transient instability, can arise. While previous research has primarily focused on the transient stability of single types of grid converters, there is a lack of study on the interactions between different types of converters, such as grid-forming and grid-following converters. Add...Show More
Active Damping Control Strategy for PLL-Synchronized Converters in Weak Grids
Xingqi Liu;Zhixiang Zou;Yiyang Yao;Jian Tang;Wu Chen;Zheng Wang
2023 8th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
Phase-locked loop (PLL) introduces the negative resistance that leads to sideband oscillation, which compromises system stability in weak grids. This paper aims to reveal the mechanism of system instability caused by the PLL from the point view of equivalent impedance. To enhance the system stability, a designed-oriented analysis is carried out and a active damping control strategy based on digita...Show More
Parameters Design of Stabilized Control Strategy for Smart Transformer-fed Grid
Jian Tang;Zhixiang Zou;Zhenlan Dou;Chunyan Zhang;Shuai Yuan;Xin Jin
2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
Year: 2023 | Conference Paper |
The interaction between the distributed energy resources (DERs) inverter and smart transformer (ST) could trigger harmonic oscillation problem of ST-fed Grid. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a second-order digital filter-based stabilized control strategy to enhance the stability of ST-fed grid. Then, analyzing from the perspective of zeros and poles of ST output impedance, a design crite...Show More
Stability Analysis of Power Converter-Based Constant Power Load With Reduced-Order Model
Ruokai Xu;Zhixiang Zou;Jian Tang;Xingqi Liu;Yi Zhang;Chenhang Xu
The negative incremental resistive feature is one characteristic of power electronics-based constant power load (CPL), which may cause system instability. However, the stability assessment of such a system is not easy and the computation burden is usually heavy due to the complexity of the models. With this consideration, a simplified model using Jordan continued-fraction expansion is proposed to ...Show More
An Improved Modulation Scheme of Isolated Matrix Converter for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction and DC-Bias Current Mitigation
In this article, an optimized space vector modulation method is proposed for the isolated three-phase matrix-type ac/dc converter, where the four-quadrant operation ability of the bidirectional power switch can be fully used. The primary-side transformer current can be eliminated naturally during zero current vectors without extra switching actions. Therefore, the conduction loss of matrix convert...Show More
A VSC-Based Isolated Matrix-Type AC/DC Converter Without Bidirectional Power Switches
In this article, a three-phase voltage-source converter (VSC)-based isolated matrix-type ac/dc converter is proposed for wind energy conversion system. The line-frequency transformer is replaced by the high-frequency transformer (HFT), and there is no need for the intermediate electrolytic capacitors used in conventional two-stage power conversion system. Moreover, the bidirectional switches used ...Show More
Unified Frequency-Domain Small-Signal Stability Analysis for Interconnected Converter Systems
Bangbang He;Wu Chen;Xin Li;Liangcai Shu;Zhixiang Zou;Fang Liu
During the past decades, the small-signal stability of the interconnected converters has been extensively researched, and several impedance/admittance-based criteria were reported and effectively verified. However, the equivalence and correlation among these criteria have not been clearly expounded. In this article, the internal relationship among the existing five stability criteria is first stud...Show More
Modeling and Terminal Characteristics of Grid-Connected Inverter With Faulty Control Strategies
Yi Zhang;Zhixiang Zou;Zhiren Liu;Jian Tang;Xingqi Liu;Ruokai Xu
2022 4th International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES)
Year: 2022 | Conference Paper |
In this paper, considering the influence of decoupled double synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (DDSRF-PLL), the small-signal sequence impedance model is proposed for a typical fault control structure in wind energy applications. Based on the established sequence impedance model, the frequency characteristics of double-sequence control strategy and single-sequence control strategy are c...Show More
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