Distributed Brain–Computer Interfacing With a Networked Multiaccelerator Architecture

SCALO is the first distributed brain–computer interface (BCI) consisting of multiple wireless-networked implants placed on different brain regions. SCALO unlocks new treatment options for debilitating neurological disorders and new research into brainwide network behavior. Achieving the fast and low-power communication necessary for real-time processing has historically restricted BCIs to single brain sites. SCALO also adheres to tight power constraints but enables fast distributed processing. Central to SCALO’s efficiency is its realization as a full stack distributed system of brain implants with accelerator-rich compute. SCALO balances modular system layering with aggressive cross-layer hardware–software co-design to integrate compute, networking, and storage. The result is a lesson in designing energy-efficient networked distributed systems with hardware accelerators from the ground up.

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) connect biological neurons in the brain with computers and machines. They can advance our understanding of the brain, help treat neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders, restore lost sensorimotor function, enable novel human–machine interaction, and even enhance personal entertainment.1